The gradation puzzle of intellectual assurance

Synthetic Biology: The Intellectual Property Puzzle

Synthetic biology takes as its mission the construction, and “reconstruction,” of life at the genetic level. The scale and ambition of synthetic biology efforts go well beyond traditional recombinant DNA technology. Rather than simply transferring a preexisting gene from one species to another, synthetic biologists aim to make biology a true engineering discipline. In the same way that electric...

Intellectual Property, Economic Development, and the China Puzzle

Since the late 1980s, the Chinese economy has been growing at an enviable average annual rate of about ten per cent. Accompanying this unprecedented economic development and growth was the maturation of the modern Chinese intellectual property system. In the 1980s, China introduced its first modern copyright, patent, and trademark laws. A decade later, China revamped its intellectual property s...

Degree Gradation of Verbs

Pieces of the Puzzle: Measuring the Personal Competence and Support Needs of Persons With Intellectual Disabilities

Theoretical and empirical efforts to develop valid methods by which to identify people with mental retardation and related disabilities have been underway for approximately 100 years. Recently, there is a growing consensus that mental retardation is best conceptualized as significant limitations in the multidimensional construct of personal competence. In addition to physical competence, person...

Anisotropic Mesh Gradation Control

The paper presents an a priori procedure to control the element size and shape variation for meshing algorithms governed by anisotropic sizing specifications. The field of desired element size and shape is represented by a background structure. The procedure consists in replacing the initial field with a smoothed one that preserves anisotropic features and smaller element sizes. The smoothness ...